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The Oromo people (Oromo: Oromoo; English: Oromo) are a Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting Ethiopia. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia and represent 34.5% of Ethiopia's population.[8] Oromos speak the Oromo language as a mother tongue (also called Afaan Oromoo and Oromiffa), which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. The word Oromo appeared in European literature for the first time in 1893 and slowly became common in the second half of the 20th century.[9][10]

The Oromo people followed their traditional religion[11] and used the gadaa system of governance.[12][13] A leader elected by the gadaa system remains in power only for 8 years, with an election taking place at the end of those 8 years.[14][15][16] From the 18th century to the 19th century, Oromos were the dominant influence in northern Ethiopia during the Zemene Mesafint period. They have been one of the parties to historic migrations, and wars particularly with northern Christians and with southern and eastern Muslims, in the Horn of Africa.

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History of Oromo people

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